Rationale for Model Development in Accuracy Assessment of Optical Rotary Encoders Under Vibration: A Literature Perspective

Optical rotary encoders are widely acknowledged as essential sensors for high-precision measurement and control in contemporary automation and manufacturing systems. Their extensive utilisation is primarily attributable to their capacity to provide accurate data on angular displacement and rotational speed. Nevertheless, despite their proven performance under controlled laboratory conditions, these devices remain susceptible to disturbances encountered in real industrial environments. Among such disturbances, mechanical vibrations constitute one of the most pervasive and influential factors, acting as a primary source of instability capable of compromising measurement reliability. The current literature evidences substantial progress in the development of optical encoder technologies, including advancements in resolution, signal processing, and multi-channel configurations. These improvements have enhanced robustness and reduced vulnerability to electrical interference and minor mechanical perturbations. However, under dynamic operational conditions, encoders continue to display limitations that have not been fully explored in either research or practice. While several studies have investigated the impact of vibrations, there remains a clear need for broader and more systematic evaluations of rotary optical encoders in dynamic contexts. This paper therefore provides a literature-based perspective on the rationale for developing dedicated models to assess encoder accuracy under vibrational influence. By synthesising existing findings, the discussion emphasises the importance of integrating vibration analysis into sensor metrology frameworks. Such integration is crucial not only for understanding the basic mechanisms of error generation but also for guiding the design of experimental methodologies and simulation models that more faithfully represent real-world operational conditions.