Delia radicum (Diptera: Anthomyiidae): biology, damage and control strategies in spring cabbage production in the Strumica region

The cabbage root fly (Delia radicum L.) is a significant pest of cabbage and other brassicaceous crops. It can
produce three to four generations per year, with adult activity spanning from early spring through late autumn.
The most severe damage typically occurs on young seedlings, although in cases of heavy infestation, even mature plants and developing heads may be affected. Control measures must be implemented preventively and initiated at the first signs of adult activity. Management is challenging because the larvae feed within plant tissues, making them difficult to reach with conventional treatments. Therefore, efforts should focus on preventing infestations through the use of integrated pest management approaches.