Robotic and iot devices and systems for river water quality monitoring and management: a scoping review

Nowadays there is undoubtedly a need to monitor and manage water quality level. Regardless of geographic location, the problem of water pollution becomes ever more important. A starting point to address such an issue would be a detailed understanding of the water quality level through careful monitoring and smart management strategy. The use of Robotic and internet of thing (IoT) devices proves to be not only convenient in terms of easily available hardware, but also very cost-effective and reliable. This scoping review captures an appropriate adoption of Robotic and IoT systems in river water quality modelling, with the Arduino and Raspberry Pi being the most prominent systems. The most frequently measured water quality indicators include pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and temperature. This review also emphasizes the usefulness and efficiency of Arduino and Raspberry Pi in such settings. With the advancements of IoT devices, sensors and even artificial intelligence (AI), it could be very possible that in the near future fully autonomous systems might be used to gather precise and accurate water quality data.