Performing apicotomy with Er:YAG laser - determining the optimum pulse of work (in vitro study)

Introduction: Laser (an acronym that means light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) is a device that produces light beam that is monochromatic, coherent and focused, and which consists of a pure color that is usually invisible but converted into thermal energy can provide different therapeutic effect. The speed and efficiency of laser procedures are defined by the laser parameters, the surface area of the target and the speed with which the operator moves the hand of the camera, and therefore the laser beam (laser to conduct blow) on the surface of the target tissue. results.
Materials and methods: We made our research on the University Dental Clinical Center "St. Pantelejmon" in Skopje. For realization of the set goals, we included a total of 75 extracted single root permanent teeth, with circular apical part. The teeth did not show damage to their root surface, it was recorded based on visual examination (magnifying glass). Once the teeth were extracted they were stored in 5 % formalin solution in a maximum time of 1 week.
Results: The 75 samples of teeth were divided by random selection into five groups. The first four groups were treated with Er: YAG laser and the R 14 contact hand piece (extension) , and they were treated with different radiation energy in order to determine the most optimal pulse terms of energy and frequency for apex resection. Pulse width, i.e. pulse duration was constant and 100 msec (VSP Mode), so that all samples are treated equal. After the results, these four groups were compared with the fifth group who was treated with mechanical hand piece and is used as a control group.
Conclusion: According to the results of the survey were adopted the following conclusions: rising of pulse energy and pulse frequency leads to increase of ablative effect of the laser, resulting in a shortening of the time of resection.

Keywords: laser, apicotomy, cracks, damage of the resected root surface.