Xerostomia inpatients with Type 2 diabetes melitus wearing complete and partial acrylic dentures - a literature review

Xerostomia, commonly defined as a chronic reduction or impairment of salivary secretion, represents a frequent and clinically significant condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This dysfunction poses a major risk to oral health by affecting local immunity, microbial balance, and the functional integrity of the oral mucosa. In patients wearing complete or partial acrylic dentures, the presence of xerostomia can lead to considerable functional and biomechanical impairments, manifesting as reduced retention, decreased stability, and diminished comfort during prosthesis use. These complications areoften exacerbated by mucosal irritation, ulcerations, chronic discomfort, and an increased susceptibility to infections, notably oral candidiasis.The primary aim of this paper is to present, through a structured literature review, the current scientific understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the paper seeks to analyze the impact of xerostomia on the adaptation, function, and long-term usability of complete and partial acrylicdentures. Special attention is given to the multifactorial mechanisms that exacerbate xerostomia, including pharmacotherapy, aging, dehydration, and poor metabolic control associated with diabetes.In addition, this review addresses contemporary preventive and therapeutic strategies for managing xerostomia, emphasizing the importance of adequate oral hygiene, dietary recommendations, the use of oral moisturizers, artificial saliva substitutes, and specific modifications to prosthetic designs aimed at enhancing retention and stability. The critical role of regular dental check-ups and the establishment of a multidisciplinary collaboration among dentists, endocrinologists, and patients is underscored as a fundamental factor for successful management.Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant scientific literature, the paper synthesizes clinically applicable knowledge and formulates recommendations for enhancing dental practice. Moreover, it identifies existing research gaps and highlights the necessity for further studies aimed at developing effective therapeutic protocols for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from xerostomia.
Keywords: xerostomia, diabetes,acrylic, dentures,mucosal discomfort