Ca 125 in Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis and Screening

Spasov, Mire and Spasov, Hristijan (2024) Ca 125 in Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis and Screening. KNOWLEDGE International Journal. ISSN 2545 - 4439

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Abstract

Carcinom ovarii is a malignant disease of the ovarian tissue, which occurs in women over 35 years of age. The risk factors for the occurrence of ovarian cancer are endocrine, genetic and environmental influences. The genetic risk factors are mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes at 8- ot chromosome, or other mutations in the genetic profile that increase the risk of ovarian cancer. Early detection of the existence of ovarian cancer increases the degree of success in treatment.To diagnose ovarian cancer, numerous blood tests are performed, such as the tumor marker Ca 125, then an ultrasound method, a CT scan. The final diagnosis is made by taking a biopsy sample from the suspected lesion. However, it is known that the concentration of tumor markers in the serum they increase much earlier than diagnosing the tumor with any screening test. The treatment of ovarian cancers is by chemotherapy, surgically (hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy – HTA cum BSO) and radiation therapy. Drug therapy for the treatment of Carcinom ovarii is with Avastin (Bevacizumab), which is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and prevents tumor angiogenesis.The purpose of the research is to prove the significance of determining the concentration of Ca 125 in monitoring Carcinom ovarii and keeping it under control. This is a reliable method for detecting the presence of ovarian cancer as a suspected diagnosis, and monitoring the effect of anticancer therapy through increase or decrease in the concentration of Ca 125. The tests were carried out in patients aged 25-55 years with a previously established diagnosis of Carcinom ovarii. The patients were divided into three groups: a control group of patients with a normal level of Ca 125 in the circulation (n =35), a group of patients diagnosed with Carcinom ovarii (n=35), a group of patients treated with therapy to reduce the level of Ca 125 in the blood (Avastin), which acts on a platinum basis (n=35). Ca 125 is determined by an enzyme-linked, immunoabsorbent method (ELISA), based on the sandwich principle. Microtiter wells are coated with a monoclonal (mouse) antibody directed against a unique antigenic site on the CA 125 molecule. A portion of the patient sample containing endogenous CA 125 is incubated in the coated well with an enzyme conjugate, which is a rabbit monoclonal anti-CA 125 antibody conjugated with peroxidase. After incubation, the unbound conjugate is washed, and the amount of bound peroxidase, ie the intensity of staining, is proportional to the level of CA 125 in the sample.The obtained results showed that the patients diagnosed with Carcinom ovarii have significantly increased results for the concentration of Ca 125 compared to the patients from the control group whose results range within normal reference values. The patients treated with therapy to reduce the level of Ca 125 (Avastin) have evidently reduced results for the level of Ca 125. There is a visible effect of treatment with Avastin therapy, which reduces the concentration of Ca 125 to normal values, that is, it regulates its level in such a way that it inhibits tumor angiogenesis. By applying anticancer therapy with Avastin, removes the negative effect of carcinogenesis. In conditions of Carcinom ovarii the concentration of Ca 125 significantly increases compared to the control group, in the treated group of patients the level of Ca 125 significantly decreases to values close to the control group of patients, and after the problem was determined the use of appropriate therapy is approached.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	Medical and Health Sciences > Basic medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Medical Science
Depositing User:	Mire Spasov
Date Deposited:	10 Oct 2024 08:44
Last Modified:	10 Oct 2024 08:44
URI:	https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/id/eprint/34825

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