Diabetic retinopathy challenge of modern times

Mirceska, Viktorija and Gazepov, Strahil (2024) Diabetic retinopathy challenge of modern times. Knowledge – International Journal, 63 (4). pp. 433-438. ISSN 2545-4439

Text (KNOWLEDGE – International Journal) DIABETIC RETINOPATHY CHALLENGE OF MODERN TIMES.pdf - Published Version Download (1MB)

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy is a condition resulting from diabetes mellitus in which retinal damage occurs, which
may cause blindness. This is a diabetes-induced disease that affects up to 80% of patients who have diabetes
mellitus over a period of 10 years or more. treated. The chances of developing diabetic retinopathy grow
proportionally with the duration of diabetes in patients and early symptoms cannot usually be detected. The most
common symptoms that occur in patients with macular edema are a blurry species, which causes them to have
difficulty performing daily activities, in which during the day there is an improvement or deterioration of the
species. If the patient does not have any symptoms, the only way to detect nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in
the first phase is by using fundus ophthalmoscopy that observes extensions of an arterial wall called
microaneurysms. If a symptom occurs as reduced visual acuity, fluorescein angiography is used to see the inside of
the eye floor. Retinal ischemia is a condition in which the blood vessels of the retina are narrowed or narrowed. In
the first phase, exudation may occur in the macular region, with macular edema developing whose symptoms are a
foggy and dark species. Approximately 10% of diabetes patients may lose sight due to macular oedema. Optical
coherent tomography can detect fluid in the macular region. In the second phase, called proliferative diabetic
retinopathy, new abnormal blood vessels are formed in the back of the eye, in which bleeding may occur in the
vitreal body and loss of visual acuity, if this happens for the first time, there are no serious permanent consequences.
In most cases, patients may notice blood points, which are visualized as flies floating and taken off the field of
vision after several hours, where bleeding occurs in the coming days and the species is blurred. In the worst cases,
patients perceive only light. In larger amounts of blood, it takes longer to withdraw, and in some patients blood
remains in the glass body. Haemorrhages of this species tend to be repeated most often during sleep, and
examination of the eye bottom observes precipitates, flame hemorrhages and points. Modern classification of
diabetic retinopathy includes the following types: 1. Non-proliferative DR (Diabetic retinopathy) stages: No diabetic
retinopathy, mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
(NPDR), heavy (severe) nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). 2. Stages of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
(PDR) include early stage and high-risk phase. Research methods include ophthalmoscopy (direct and indirect),
fluorescent angiography, In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, specific ophthalmological therapy is not
recommended. blood pressure and improved lipid status. At advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy, with or without
maculopathy involved, doctors often recommend laser therapy to specific parts of the retina or near the macular.In
severe forms of PDR with macular edema, antiVEGF treatment is initially advised, later as needed combined with
LFC.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy DR, diabetes, ophthalmoscopy.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy DR, diabetes, ophthalmoscopy
Subjects:	Medical and Health Sciences > Clinical medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Medical Science
Depositing User:	Strahil Gazepov
Date Deposited:	09 Apr 2024 08:00
Last Modified:	09 Apr 2024 08:00
URI:	https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/id/eprint/34000

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