Stavreva Veselinovska, Snezana and Zivanovic, Jordan and Todorovska, Aleksandra (2013) Effect of trifluraline herbicide on soil microflora in tomato seedlings in outdoor conditions in Karaorman, Stip area. Proceedings of Seminar of Ecology. pp. 189-197. ISSN 978-954-2961-75-8
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Abstract
Aim: Microorganisms play an important role in herbicide degradation as they are able to utilize the biogenic elements from those compounds, as well as energy for their physiological processes. On the other hand, herbicides are more or less toxic substances that can have adverse effect on populations of microorganisms and prevent their development, reduce their abundance, deplete their taxonomic complexity and create communities with a lower level of diversity and reduced physiological activity.
Material and methods: The experiment was set according to the method of random block system in three iterations, with size of experimental plots from 10 m². In examination was included genus pink tomato (Lycopersicon Lycopersicum). In the examination were included two variants: 1. Control (without applied herbicide) and 2. Variant with trifluralin. The application of herbicide trifluralin was performed 1 day before tomato seedling (Tab. 2). The treatment was carried out with dorsal nozzle according to the recommended field dose of 480 g/L, with direct application to the soil surface. The soil samples for analysis were taken on 10, 20, 40, 60 and 90 days after the application of herbicides, and two depths 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. For number determination of examined groups of microorganisms is used indirect (cultural) method dilution plating, appropriate dilution soil suspension was made on selective nutrient substrates (Govedarica Jarak, 1997; Kongulovski, 2001). The Petrie-dish, in which the seeding was performed examined soil microorganisms worn thermostat for incubation on temperature of 30° C for 24 to 48 hours for the total counts of microorganisms at a temperature of 28° C for a period of 7 days, aktinomycetes and fungi 5-7 days.
Results: In this article are presented complex interactions between herbicides and microorganisms in soil immediately after application and over the ensuing period, data of changes in the abundance of some systematic and physiological groups of microorganisms. In the article is also presented the effect of trifluralin on soil microorganisms. In this article it’s shown the impact from the tested herbicide is on the number of Actinomycetes and yeasts.
Conclusions: NMO directly depends on the initial contamination of milk with microorganisms from the milk gland and microorganisms (contaminants) from the surroundings (afterbirth, urine, feces) that can populate the surfaces of the milking equipment and surfaces that milk comes into contact with in a considerable number. Minimizing the milk contamination level from these sources would significantly prevent the level of psychrophilic microorganisms.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | herbicides, microorganisms, trifluralin, soil |
| Subjects: | Natural sciences > Earth and related environmental sciences |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Educational Science |
| Depositing User: | Snezana Stavrova Veselinova |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Feb 2014 12:31 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Feb 2014 12:31 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/id/eprint/9159 |
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