The convergence of regenerative sciences- a cross-disciplinary approach to skeletal reconstruction

Introduction
Bone regeneration is a biologically regulated process critical to multiple dental and surgical disciplines, including orthopedics, maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics, orthodontics, and periodontal surgery. Despite variations in anatomical location and biomechanical requirements, successful skeletal reconstruction relies on the coordinated progression of inflammation, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and remodeling. While technological advancements have enhanced clinical precision, biological capacity remains the principal determinant of regenerative outcomes.

Objective
The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate shared biological principles, biomaterial strategies, and regenerative technologies applied across orthopedic and dental-surgical specialties, with an emphasis on interdisciplinary translational integration. To address this aim, a specific methodology was employed.

Materials and Methods
A structured literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for peer-reviewed publications between 2005 and 2025. Keywords included “bone regeneration,” “orthopedic reconstruction, “maxillofacial surgery,” “prosthodontics,” “orthodontics,” “periodontal regeneration,” “biomaterials,” “mesenchymal stem cells,” “BMP,” and “digital surgical planning.” Clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and translational experimental studies involving appendicular and craniofacial models were included.

Results
The database search yielded 1,248 records, of which 186 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. After applying inclusion criteria, 72 studies were included: 18 randomized clinical trials, 21 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, 24 prospective or retrospective clinical studies, and 9 translational experimental investigations.

Conclusions
Biologically guided, technology-enhanced regenerative protocols incorporating autologous grafts, growth factors, and 3D-printed scaffolds—are transforming orthopedic and dental practice, with interdisciplinary collaboration improving predictability in patient-specific skeletal reconstruction.

Keywords: Bone regeneration, Maxillofacial surgery, Orthopedics, Prosthodontics, Periodontal regeneration, Mesenchymal stem cells, 3D printing