Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus

Objective: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa, presenting in various clinical forms. OLP is most often benign, but one of the major concerns is its potential for malignant transformation. The malignant transformation of OLP presents a significant clinical challenge and requires careful monitoring and diagnostic evaluation. The aim is to review the clinical and molecular mechanisms of malignant transformation in OLP and to identify the potential risk factors that may influence the development of oral carcinoma in patients with OLP.
Methods: A review of literature and clinical studies focusing on the malignant transformation of OLP. The application of histopathological analysis, biopsies, and molecular tests to identify atypical cells and genetic aberrations in patients with chronic OLP were used in the diagnosis. The clinical characteristics and symptoms of the patients were analyzed to determine signs indicative of potential malignant transformation.
Results: Patients with malignant transformation of OLP most often have erosive lesions, which are accompanied by pain, bleeding, and lesions that do not respond to standard treatment. Research indicates that hepatitis C, smoking, alcohol, and immune disorders (autoimmune diseases) play an important role in the development of malignant transformation in OLP. Molecular analyses of genetic aberrations and molecules associated with carcinogenesis suggest genetic instability, which may lead to malignant transformation.
Conclusion: OLP has the potential to progress into a malignant process. Regular clinical evaluations and early biopsy are crucial for the timely detection of malignant transformation.
Keywords: Oral Lichen Planus, Malignant Transformation, Diagnostic.