Leisure and aging: Exploring differences in activity engagement and participation motives

Leisure time activities contribute significantly to individual well-being, yet
participation patterns vary across different age groups. This study explores the influence of
age on leisure activity preferences and the underlying reasons for participation or nonparticipation. The research involved 268 adults aged 25 and older, who completed a
specially designed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS, employing descriptive
statistics and ANOVA to identify significant age-related differences. Results indicate that
age is a key determinant of leisure activity selection. As age differences increase, so do
variations in preferred activities. Younger adults are more likely to engage in high-intensity
physical activities such as fitness, aerobics, and martial arts, whereas older adults favor
low-impact options like cycling and yoga. Additionally, differences emerged in
participation in creative activities (art, photography, knitting), home-based activities
(gardening, pet care), and relaxation-oriented pastimes (reading, watching movies). Age
also influences the motives for participation, with stress reduction, health benefits,
improved immunity, and self-confidence being the most frequently cited reasons across all
age groups. Older adults reported having more personal time and exhibited greater
consistency in participation, while younger adults faced more barriers to regular
engagement. These findings highlight the evolving nature of leisure preferences and
emphasize the need for age-specific strategies to promote active and fulfilling leisure
experiences across different life stages. Younger adults, who often face time constraints,
could benefit from flexible scheduling and workplace-supported leisure initiatives.In
comparison, older adults should be encouraged to engage in community-based programs
that foster socialization and lifelong learning. Reducing barriers to participation—such as
lack of time, motivation, or resources—can be achieved through targeted communication
strategies that align with the interests and motivations of different age groups. These
insights highlight the importance of structured interventions to enhance participation, wellbeing, and social connectedness across all life stages.