Effects of mechanical decompression in patients with degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs

Degenerative disc disease is one of the most common causes of chronic pain in the lower back (lumbar region) and is a leading factor in reducing work capacity and quality of life in the adult population. These pathological changes occur as a result of the natural aging process, but can also be accelerated by mechanical stress, genetic predisposition, insufficient physical activity, a sedentary lifestyle or occupational stress. Over time, the disc loses hydration, its elasticity decreases, fissures appear and nerve structures are compressed, which leads to pain, stiffness and functional limitation. In modern physical therapy, mechanical decompression is used as a non-invasive alternative to relieve symptoms and improve spinal function.
The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of mechanical decompression in patients with degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs, by comparing the level of pain, mobility and functional status before and after treatment.
Material and methods: The study will be conducted on a sample of 7 patients diagnosed with degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs in the lumbar region. The patients will undergo a series of 10 treatments with mechanical decompression, using a specialized therapeutic device. Data will be collected through a visual analog scale for pain (VAS), functional tests and subjective surveys.
Results: After completion of the treatment with mechanical decompression, the analysis of the results showed a significant reduction in pain in six out of seven patients, according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The average pain score before starting the therapies was 7.2 (out of 10), while after ten treatments, the average score dropped to 2.8. Most patients showed improvement in lumbar segment function, with increased range of motion and better mobility during daily activities. Additionally, an average of 40% improvement in the ability to function independently was observed through the use of subjective quality of life questionnaires. Six patients reported improved sleep, reduced fatigue, and easier performance of basic physical activities (standing, walking, bending). Only one patient reported minimal improvement without further deterioration, which is attributed to the longer chronicity of the symptoms and the presence of other comorbidities. No side effects from the therapy were recorded in any patient, indicating the safety and good tolerance of mechanical decompression as part of physical treatment.
Conclusion: Mechanical decompression is an effective and safe method for the treatment of degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs. Its application can improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the time required for rehabilitation. The research provides a basis for further studies and clinical implementations.
Keywords: mechanical decompression, intervertebral discs, degenerative diseases, low back pain, physical therapy, rehabilitation.