Electromagnetic interference of endodontic equipment with gastric pacemaker

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) from endodontic equipment could potentially affect a gastric pacemaker. This article provides an overview of interaction risks, potential consequences, and precautions related to such interference. Certain electronic dental devices may interfere with the pacemaker’s function, but the level of risk depends on the type of equipment and its proximity to the implanted device. A gastric pacemaker operates using small electrical impulses to stimulate stomach muscles. If an endodontic device induces unintended electrical currents in the body, these could be picked up by the pacemaker’s leads, potentially disrupting its normal function. Electromagnetic interference between a gastric pacemaker (also called a gastric electrical stimulator, GES) and endodontic equipment is therefore a potential concern, especially in dental procedures involving electronic devices.
Endodontic devices commonly used in root canal therapy include apex locators, electric motors for rotary files, electrosurgery units, and ultrasonic devices—all of which generate electrical or electromagnetic fields. In summary, patients with a gastric pacemaker can generally be treated safely in the dental setting, provided that management involves collaboration with both the gastroenterology team and the device manufacturer. The processes of deactivation and reactivation (switching the pacemaker off before, and back on after, the procedure) are straightforward and help minimize risks to both patient and device. Furthermore, it is important to maintain a distance of at least 15–30 cm (6–12 inches) between the implanted pacemaker and electrical equipment—particularly ultrasonic and electrosurgical instruments—and to use modern apex locators and rotary motors designed with low electromagnetic emissions, in order to reduce the likelihood of interference.