Sensitive Ultra‑Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadruple Mass Spectrometry (UPLC‑TQ‑MS) for Simultaneous Determination of Biogenic Amines in Montenegrin Red Wines

A highly sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLCTQ-MS) was applied for simultaneous determination of seven biogenic amines (cadaverine, putrescine, histamine, spermine, tyramine, phenyethylamine, and tryptamine) in Montenegrin red Vranac and Kratošija (Vitis vinifera L.) wines. The
method was validated, confrmed the suitability for determination of biogenic amines in red wines, and it was applied to
examine the changes of biogenic amines in three vinifcation stages: after alcoholic fermentation, malolactic fermentation,
and 10 months of bottle aging of the wines. The results showed that the total amine levels were low, ranging from 1.27 to
3.26 mg/L, observing increased concentration in the wines after fnished malolactic fermentation. Putrescine, which was
constituted as a main amine in wines (range: 0.79 to 2.39 mg/L), was observed in a slightly higher content in Vranac wines
compared to Kratošija, followed by the aliphatic cadaverine (range: 0.091 to 0.35 mg/L) and the aromatic phenylethylamine
(range: 0.119–0.373 mg/L). Histamine and tyramine which are subject of toxicological interest were present in a very low
concentration in wines (on average value: 0.082 and 0.015 mg/L, respectively). Cadaverine and putrescine showed linear
relationships with the sum of total biogenic amines, and the reached values were below the toxicity threshold. According
to the principal component analysis, wines were clearly separated in three groups according to the three vinifcation stages