Dysplastic changes of papilloma of the mucous gingiva in maxilla: a case report

A papilloma is defined as a solid benign tumor of the epithelium with a clear-cut border that projects above the surrounding tissue. Papilloma appear in stratified squamous epithelium in oral cavity.
Clinical appearance of most benign lesion usually is presented as non-ulcerated mass on the gum. Most frequently is seen in third to fifth decades with predilection in female. Approximately 50% is associated with HPV virus and remaining cases may represent persistence of papillary epithelial architecture following viral clearance or nonspecific epithelial alteration. HPV most commonly affects the oral cavity with a predilection for the tongue, hard and soft palate, gingiva, buccal mucosa, and uvula. Oral squamous papilloma though benign in nature, has a higher neoplastic potential compared to another papilloma.
We present a case report of papilloma of gingival mucosa in maxillary edentulous region in a 54 years old female patient with mild and hard dysplastic changes.
Treatment is excisional biopsy and it is still considered a gold standard for gingival lesion diagnosis because there are varieties of manifestations on the gingiva which cannot be diagnosed on clinical features.
Conclusion Early detection of benign, premalignant and malignant lesions of gingiva can tremendously reduce the morbidity and mortality for the patient.
Keywords: papilloma, gingiva, maxilla, biopsy, dysplastic changes