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First characterization of functionalized nanoparticles—tandem of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles conjugated with piperine

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Abstract

The present work outlines the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using black pepper fruit extract (piperine) as bioreductive and capping agent, followed by their conjugation with piperine and characterization thereof. Several approaches for elucidation of the properites of both non-conjugated and piperine-conjugated AgNPs were implemented. The formation of silver nanoparticles was monitored at 420 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance band of the obtained AgNPs. SEM and AFM analyses demonstrated the spherical shape of the NPs, while the DLS analysis revealed the negative charge of the NPs with mean diameter of 116.6 ± 8.9 nm and 142.1 ± 10.7 nm for AgNPs and piperine-conjugated AgNPs, respectively. Characteristic Raman bands at 237 cm−1 for AgNPs and at 249 cm−1 for piperine-AgNPs, indicate Ag+ reduction to nanoscaled Ag, in addition to emergence of new bands as a result of the formation of bonds with oxygen atoms from the extracted organic molecules. The bands in the Amide I region characteristic for β-sheets in the structure, followed by bands from the α-helices were also assigned. The work represents the first conjugation of the AgNPs with bioactive piperine, that further might be evaluated as promising new delivery system in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industry.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge M.Sc. Maja Lazarova, from the Laboratory for Electronic Microscopy, University Goce Delčev-Štip, for the kind help with SEM analysis of the samples.

Funding

No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. Katarina Smilkov and Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations

  1. Division of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delčev University - Štip, Krste Misirkov No.10-A POB 201, 2000, Štip, Republic of North Macedonia

    Katarina Smilkov, Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova & Aleksandar Cvetkovski

  2. Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia

    Nikola Geskovski

  3. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia

    Biljana Pejova & Petre Makreski

  4. Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Goce Delčev University - Štip, Štip, Republic of North Macedonia

    Blazo Boev

Authors
  1. Katarina Smilkov
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  2. Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova
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  3. Aleksandar Cvetkovski
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  4. Nikola Geskovski
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  5. Biljana Pejova
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  7. Petre Makreski
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Contributions

All authors were involved in study conception and design. Katarina Smilkov and Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova performed the synthesis experiments, interpreted the results, and drafted the manuscript. Aleksandar Cvetkovski, Nikola Geskovski, Biljana Pejova, and Petre Makreski performed the analysis, acquired the data, and interpreted the results. Blazo Boev and Petre Makreski critically revised the manuscript. All authors have read, commented, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Katarina Smilkov.

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Smilkov, K., Gjorgieva Ackova, D., Cvetkovski, A. et al. First characterization of functionalized nanoparticles—tandem of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles conjugated with piperine. Chem. Pap. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01911-5

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Keywords

  • Biosynthesized nanoparticles
  • Silver nanoparticles
  • Piperine
  • Plant bioactive