Iliev, Andrej and Petreski, Drage and Hasic, Faruk and Velkovski, Aco (2016) Historical development and protection measures from Hydrogen bombs. In: 24-th International Congress of Chemists and techologists of Macedonia.
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Abstract
The first thermonuclear (hydrogen) explosion was conducted on 30.10.1951 year on the Island of Eniwetok in the Pacific Ocean. This was the surface nuclear explosion with the power of 10,4 Mt. After the US, other countries in the world have made its first thermonuclear rehearsals committed as follows:
- USSR on 12.08.1953 year had conducted a hydrogen bomb test with the power of 400 Kt,
- United Kingdom on 15.05.1957 year had conducted a hydrogen bomb test with a power of 1 Mt,
- France on 24.08.1964 year had conducted a hydrogen bomb test with unknown powers;
- China on 17.06.1967 year had conducted a hydrogen bomb test with the power of 3 Mt;
- North Korea on 06.01.2016 year had conducted a hydrogen bomb test with the unknown power.
During the official data in the period from 16.07.1945 year to 06.01.2016 year, the total number of the nuclear explosions in the worldwide was 2120 with a total capacity of 540.749 Kt. In the worldwide, there were a total number of 512 aerial rehearsals, 8 underwater rehearsals, 1357 underground rehearsals and 243 surface nuclear explosions from which approximately 212 Mt with fission and 328 Mt with fusion process. The CBRN security cycle provides a framework which outlines the links between different CBRN management stages, including specific inactions for: prevention, preparedness, response, mitigation and recovery from CBRN incidents.
Having in mind that Hydrogen bombs are weapons of mass destruction, the concluding remarks of our paper will be dedicated to: prevention, preparedness and final responding for improving the overall strategy for prevention and protection from CBRN terrorism. Prevention measures include the development list on EU level of high risk CBRN materials, identifying and reporting suspicious transactions and behavior. Than a security measure for control of high-risk CBRN materials, facilities and transport infrastructure, contributing to the development of a high security measures, improving cross border control of CBRN materials, improving the information exchange and other similar activities and measures.
Preparedness requires improved emergency planning, stronger countermeasure capacity, improved domestic and international information flows regarding to CBRN emergencies.
And final responding to CBRN events demands enhanced international cooperation, improved lines of communication with the public and more robust information, tools for CBRN security and advanced training courses for first responders, improved personnel security and ensuring that legislation and overall strategy for CBRN terrorism.
Key words: development, protection, prevention, hydrogen bombs, strategy for CBRN terrorism
| Item Type: | Conference or Workshop Item (Poster) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Engineering and Technology > Environmental engineering Social Sciences > Educational sciences |
| Divisions: | Military Academy |
| Depositing User: | Andrej Iliev |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Dec 2019 14:35 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Dec 2019 14:35 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/id/eprint/23006 |
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