Natural radioactivity and human exposure by raw materials and end product from cement industry used as building materials

Stojanovska, Zdenka and Nedelkovski, Dusko and Ristova, Mimoza (2010) Natural radioactivity and human exposure by raw materials and end product from cement industry used as building materials. Radiation Measurements, 45 (8). pp. 969-972. ISSN 1350-4487

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Abstract

During the manufacturing process in the cement industry, raw materials of different levels of natural
radioactivity are utilized. In this study we present the radiological impact of cements as a building
material and the different raw materials used in their manufacture. A total of 218 samples of raw
materials and their end product cements were collected from the cement industry of Macedonia (The
Former Yugoslav Republic) during the period 2005e2007. The specific activities, evaluated by gamma
spectrometry analysis, showed the highest mean specific activity in fly ash (226Ra, 107� 45 Bq kg�1;
232Th, 109 � 30 Bq kg�1; 40K, 685 � 171 Bq kg�1), which is used as a raw material. However, the final
cement product usually has relatively lower activity compared with the activity of the raw material and
the mean specific activity of the final cement products were lower (226Ra, 42 � 10 Bq kg�1; 232Th, 28
�6 Bqkg�1; 40K, 264 � 50 Bq kg�1). The radium equivalent activity and the hazard index were calculated
for each sample to assess the radiation hazard. The mean annual effective dose originating from the
cements was found to be 111 � 22 mSv y�1, which is below the recommended EC limit of 300 mSv y�

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	Natural sciences > Physical sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Medical Science
Depositing User:	Zdenka Stojanovska
Date Deposited:	28 Nov 2012 09:15
Last Modified:	28 Nov 2012 09:15
URI:	https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/id/eprint/2272

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