Gjorgjievski, Bosko and Karpicarov, Dino and Gjorgjeska, Biljana (2019) Determination of paraprotein in serum and urine by electrophoresis for diagnosing multiple myeloma (MM), experiences from the PHF University Clinic of Hematology for the period from 2015 to 2017. Knowledge - International Journal, Scientific Papers, 34 (4). pp. 895-902. ISSN 2545-4439
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Abstract
Introduction: Multiple myeloma is a clonal disorder characterized by the proliferation of mature B cells (plasma cells) in the bone marrow i.e. the appearance of monoclonal immunoglobulin fraction (M component, paraprotein) in the serum or occasionally only during electrophoresis, in the urine. Generally, multiple myeloma is the most common primary bone cancer which can be defined as a malignant tumor of the bone marrow. Regarding the benign form (MGUS, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), it should be noted that it is about 100 times more common than the myeloma. In order to diagnose this disease, serum and urine are examined by electrophoresis because this technique firstly enables the separation of the proteins and then the detection of the desired group of proteins, in the specific case, the paraprotein group. However, the presence of such proteins in serum or urine is not always a sign for multiple myeloma, so in order to diagnose this disease, additional tests need to be done. These tests include: determination of the number of blood cells, determination of the level of blood calcium, determination of the level of urea and creatinine, determination of the percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Besides these tests, the usual additional test includes detection of β–2–microglobulin, which is another protein that can be produced by multiple myeloma cells.
Aims of the study: Overview of the diagnosis of multiple myeloma by determination of the paraprotein in serum or urine by electrophoresis; Determination of the prevalence of multiple myeloma in patients on the territory of the Republic of N. Macedonia from 2015 to 2017; Analysis of the obtained data in relation to the gender and the age of the patients.
Materials and methods: For the purpose of this study, data obtained from multiple myeloma patients, diagnosed and treated at the PHF University Clinic of Hematology, were analyzed. The data were collected over a period of three years (from 2015 to 2017). The study included patients over 40 years of age. The entire research was done in the laboratory of PHF University Clinic of Hematology.
Results: According to the research, 19 patients with multiple myeloma were registered in 2015, 22 patients with multiple myeloma were registered in 2016 and 25 patients with multiple myeloma were registered in 2017. In terms of gender, this disease is more common in men and in terms of age, the same disease is most prevalent in patients between 70 and 90 years of age.
Conclusion: The incidence of multiple myeloma is approximately 5 to 7 patients per 100,000 persons annually. The disease data obtained in this study are identical to those of the World Health Organization (WHO). In most patients who were diagnosed with multiple myeloma, renal dysfunction was also observed.
Keywords: Multiple myeloma; Paraprotein; Electrophoresis; Immunoglobulin.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Medical and Health Sciences > Basic medicine Medical and Health Sciences > Clinical medicine Medical and Health Sciences > Health sciences Medical and Health Sciences > Other medical sciences |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Medical Science |
| Depositing User: | Biljana Gorgeska |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Oct 2019 12:31 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Oct 2019 12:31 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/id/eprint/22676 |
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