Zisovska, Elizabeta and Jovevska, Svetlana (2018) The relationship between maternal body mass index and offspring birth weight. Knowledge - International Journal, Scientific Papers, 22 (5). pp. 1397-1401. ISSN 2545-4439
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Abstract
Increasing prevalence of obesity is presenting a critical challenge to healthcare services, and particularly in obstetrics, influencing the perinatal outcome. On the other hand, malnutrition also increases the risk of bad perinatal outcome. Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women and is used as objective parameter for measuring the nutritional status of the pregnant women before the entire pregnancy. The Institute of Medicine classified body mass index (BMI) as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal (BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI = 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≧30 kg/m2), and then published recommended guidelines for gestational weight gain according to these BMI categories. The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the influence of the pre-pregnancy Body mass index on the outcome of the delivery of the newborn. The objectives were to determine the relationship between the pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and some perinatal outcomes as mode of delivery and neonatal birth weight describes as appropriate, large or small for gestational age newborns. Data were extracted from the perinatal database of the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia for 2017. Exclusion criteria were pregnant women with all types of diseases except obesity, focusing on normal pregnancies and pre-pregnancy BMI. The total group of investigated delivering women comprised of 4106 patients. The data were extracted from the patients’ histories on successive deliveries occurring at gestational week 22 or later. During the investigation, the delivering women were divided in four groups stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI category. The groups comprised 634 underweight women, 2412 normal weight women, 936 overweight and, 124 obese women. The main outcomes were: small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), preterm birth, post-term birth and cesarean delivery; the incidence of these outcomes was compared among the groups and analyzed. The higher the pre-pregnancy BMI, the higher the incidences of cesarean delivery, and post-term birth, but the lower the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA). Of 4106 pregnancies, the pre-pregnancy underweight group accounted for 15.4 % (n = 634), the pre-pregnancy normal weight group for 58.8% (n = 2412), the pre-pregnancy overweight group for 22.8% (n = 936), and the pre-pregnancy obese group for 3% (n = 124). The maternal characteristics according to the BMI categories showed that the primiparous rate was significantly higher in underweight and normal women (67%, 62%), compared to overweight and obese women (53% and 45%), respectively p < 0.005). The results showed that the incidences of SGA, LGA, preterm birth, cesarean delivery, and post-term birth differ according to the BMI category. As the pre-pregnancy BMI increased, the incidence significantly increased for LGA, cesarean delivery, and post-term birth (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the incidence of SGA significantly decreased with increasing pre-pregnancy BMI (p < 0.001). The findings raise the awareness of weight control and add value to the recommendations to shift the research focus towards effective public health measures that prevent obesity in women of reproductive age.
Keywords: Body mass index, pregnancy, newborn, outcome
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Medical and Health Sciences > Clinical medicine |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Medical Science |
| Depositing User: | Elizabeta Zisovska |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Apr 2018 13:13 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Apr 2018 13:13 |
| URI: | https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/id/eprint/19764 |
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